Educational Transactional Analysis, ISSN 2299-7466  eISSN 2658-1825

Emotional Intelligence and Reflexivity vs. Passivity in the Perspective of Transactional Analysis: A Research Report

Authors
Keywords:
transactional analysis, passivity, emotional intelligence, reflectiveness
Abstract

The article presents a research report investigating the relationships between emotional intelligence, as defined by P. Salovey and J.D. Mayer, and reflectiveness, understood as a cognitive style, with passivity according to the principles of transactional analysis. The results indicate that emotional intelligence in the areas of understanding, acceptance, and emotional control helps reduce passive behaviors in all their manifestations. Empathy, on the other hand, may intensify passive actions in the domain of incapacity, understood as disabling oneself from action through psychosomatic symptoms. Regarding reflectiveness, a negative correlation with passivity was found in terms of deliberation, while a positive correlation was found with self-doubt. The research was conducted using the CAWI survey technique on a group of 423 adults. The conclusions suggest that the principles of transactional analysis can be used to build resources based on emotional intelligence and self-confidence, which, in turn, may reduce the scope of passive behavior, thereby promoting effectiveness in the face of problematic situations.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Author Biography
  1. Anna Pierzchała, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa

    Dr. Anna Pierzchała defended her doctoral dissertation in 2012 on the phenomenon of school passivity from the perspective of transactional analysis. She is a member of the Research Team for Educational Transactional Analysis at Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa and has completed numerous training courses in transactional analysis. She applies the concepts of transactional analysis in educational practice and is the author of the “University of the Young Professor” program, which develops children’s social competencies. This program has been implemented in a primary school and a kindergarten in Sosnowiec, Poland, since 2018.

    Additionally, she is a pedagogical therapist specializing in working with children with dyslexia, ADHD, and behavioral disorders. She holds a tutoring certificate. For over a decade, she has conducted workshops on social skills development, including integration workshops, effective communication training, socio-educational skills workshops, group work techniques, and various pedagogical therapy sessions.

    Dr. Pierzchała is the author of two books (one co-authored) and over 50 scientific articles, most of which focus on the concepts of transactional analysis.

References

Barrow, G. (2015). Transactional analysis in the classroom, staffroom and beyond. Pastoral Care in Education, 33(3), 169 – 179. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2015.1070895

Belanger, E. & Laube, J. (1979). Discounting The Disabled. Transactional Analysis Journal, 9(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/036215377900900111

Cook, R. (2022). Connection, hungers, and time structuring: A relational, inclusive, and transpersonal development of autonomy. Transactional Analysis Journal, 52(4), 279-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2115641

Downey, L. A., Johnston, P. J., Hansen, et al. (2008).The relationship between emotional intelligence and depression in a clinical sample. European Journal of Psychiatry, 22(2), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632008000200005

Goleman, D. (1997). Inteligencja emocjonalna. Poznań: Media Rodzina.

Heath, J. (2022). The impact of a model of nonmaterial consciousness on the concept of mind in action. Transactional Analysis Journal, 52(4), 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2115647

Jaworowska, A. & Matczak, A. (2005). Popularny Kwestionariusz Inteligencji Emocjonalnej: Podręcznik. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego.

Kagan, J. (1965). Individual differences in the resolution of response uncertainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 154-160. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022199

Kagan, J. (1966). Reflection-impulsivity: The generality and dynamics of conceptual tempo. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022886

King, P. &Temple, S. (2018). Transactional Analysis and the Ludic Third (TALT): A Model of Functionally Fluent Reflective Play Practice. Transactional Analysis Journal, 48(3), 258 – 271. https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2018.1471292

Knopp, K. (2020). Inteligencja emocjonalna dzieci i młodzieży a ich funkcjonowanie w relacjach z rówieśnikami. Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides Et Ratio, 44(4), 149-163. https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v44i4.442

Laborde, S., Lautenbach, F., Allen, M.S., et al. (2014). The role of trait emotional intelligence in emotion regulation and performance under pressure.

Personality and Individual Differences, 57, 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.013

Macefield, R. & Mellor, K. (2006). Awareness and Discounting: New Tools for Task/Option-Oriented Settings. Transactional Analysis Journal, 36(1), 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/036215370603600107

Matczak, A. & Jaworowska, A. (2020). Kwestionariusz Refleksyjności: Podręcznik. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego.

Matczak, A. (2001). Style poznawcze. [In]: J. Strelau (ed.), Psychologia. Podręcznik akademicki, Tom 2. (pp. 761–782). Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne

Matkowski, M. (1993). Nierozpoznania. [In]: J. Santorski (ed.), ABC pomocy psychologicznej, (pp. 62-63). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo J. Santorski & Co

Mayer, J. D. & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? [In]: P. Salovey, D. J. Sluyter (eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence. Educational implications (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books.

McKinley, S. K., Petrusa, E. R., Fiedeldey-Van Dijk, et al. (2014). Are there gender differences in the emotional intelligence of resident physicians? Journal of Surgical Education, 71(6), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.05.003

Mellor, K.& Schiff, E. (1975). Discounting, Transactional Analysis Journal, 5(3), 295-302. https://doi.org/10.1177/036215377500500321

Nęcka, E. (2003). Inteligencja: Geneza, struktura, funkcje. Gdańsk: GWP.

Noma, K. (2006). How TA is applied in clinical psychiatry. International Congress Series, 1287, 168-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.11.121

Obeid, S., Haddad, C., Fares, K. et al.(2021). Correlates of emotional intelligence among Lebanese adults: the role of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, alcohol use disorder, alexithymia and work fatigue. BMC Psycholgy, 9(18). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00525-6

Perkowska-Klejman, A. (2019). Poszukiwanie refleksyjności w edukacji: Studium teoretyczno-empiryczne. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademii Pedagogiki Specjalnej.

Pierzchała A. (2018). Uniwersytet Małego Profesora, czyli analiza transakcyjna w przedszkolu i szkole podstawowej. Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna, 7, 277-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/eat.2018.07.17

Pierzchała, A. (2011). Źródła, rodzaje i konsekwencje dyskontowania w obliczu sytuacji problemowej w szkolnym funkcjonowaniu ucznia. [In]: J. Jagieła (ed.), Analiza transakcyjna w edukacji, (pp. 79-97). Częstochowa: Wydawnictwo im. Stanisława Podobińskiego Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie.

Pierzchała, A. (2013). Pasywność w szkole. Diagnoza zjawiska z punktu widzenia analizy transakcyjnej. Częstochowa: Wydawnictwo im. Stanisława Podobińskiego Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie.

Pierzchała, A. (2019). Rozwijanie kompetencji społecznych dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym i wczesnoszkolnym w oparciu o założenia analizy transakcyjnej. Charakterystyka programu Uniwersytet Małego Profesora. Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna, 8, 15-29. https://doi.org/10.16926/eat.2019.08.01

Pracka, J. (2021). Temperament i płeć a inteligencja emocjonalna. Warszawa: Liberi Libri

Przybylska, I. (2006). Inteligencja emocjonalna jako kluczowa kompetencja współczesnego nauczyciela. Chowanna, 1, 85-95.

Rawson D. (2006). Cathexis: Brief Therapy in a Residential Setting. [In]: K. Tudor (ed.), Transactional Analysis Approaches to Brief Therapy (pp. 99-113).London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Rogoll, R. (1989). Aby być sobą. Wprowadzenie do analizy transakcyjnej. Warszawa: PWN.

Salovey, P., Mayer, J.D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185-211. https://doi.org/10.2190/dugg-p24e-52wk-6cdg

Schiff, A. W. & Schiff, J. L. (1971). Passivity.Transactional Analysis Journal, 1(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/036215377100100114

Schiff, J. L., et al. (1975). Cathexis reader. New York: Harper & Row, Publisher, Inc.

Sękowski, A. E.& Sitko, E. M. (2018). Inteligencja emocjonalna i motywacja osiągnięć u kobiet na stanowiskach kierowniczych. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 23(1), 122-138. https://doi.org/10.14656/PFP20180108

Śmieja, M., Orzechowski, J. (eds.). (2008). Inteligencja emocjonalna. Fakty, mity, kontrowersje. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

Stewart, V. & Joines, I. (2009). TA Today: A New Introduction to Transactional Analysis. England and Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA: Lifespace Publishing, Nottingham.

Temple, S. (1999). Functional Fluency for Educational Transactional Analysts. Transactional Analysis Journal, 29(3), 164-174. https://doi.org/10.1177/036215379902900302

Temple, S. (2004). Update On The Functional Fluency Model in Education. Transactional Analysis Journal, 34(3), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/036215370403400302

Wyszogrodzka, M. & Woźniak-Prus M. (2020). Inteligencja emocjonalna i wsparcie społeczne a prężność u nastolatków w okresie wczesnej adolescencji. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 25(4), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.14656/PFP20200404

Żmuda, A., Sękowski, A., & Szymczak, I. (2021). Potrzeba poznania a inteligencja emocjonalna u osób z wysokimi osiągnięciami edukacyjnymi. Przegląd Psychologiczny, 64(3), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.31648/pp.7331

Żuchowicz, P., Skiba, A., Gałecki, P. & Talarowska, M. (2018). Inteligencja emocjonalna w zaburzeniach depresyjnych nawracających. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski, 45(267), 131-133.

Cover Image
Downloads
Published
2024-12-30
Section
Research Raports
License

Copyright (c) 2024 Anna Pierzchała

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

AUTHOR'S STATEMENT

I am aware that the Educational Transactional Analysis journal is published under a Creative Commons license - Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode).

By submitting the article, I agree to make it available under this license

How to Cite

Pierzchała, A. (2024). Emotional Intelligence and Reflexivity vs. Passivity in the Perspective of Transactional Analysis: A Research Report. The Educational Transactional Analysis, 13, 189-202. https://doi.org/10.16926/eat.2024.13.11

Similar Articles

1-10 of 94

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)