Abstrakt
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest podsumowanie procesu, w którym ukształtowała się twórcza etnografia – akademicka odmiana literatury faktu, wykorzystująca techniki zaczerpnięte z literatury pięknej. Debata wokół „kultury pisania” dała początek eksperymentom w pisarstwie etnograficznym, otwarciu na narrację, docenieniu poetyki antropologicznej, rozwojowi autoetnograficznych form ekspresji, ponownemu przemyśleniu kategorii fikcji oraz nowemu rozumieniu relacji między badaniami terenowymi a pracą nad tekstem. Autor podkreśla zarówno korzyści, jak i zagrożenia związane z tymi procesami, sugerując, że brak uniwersyteckiego wykształcenia w zakresie twórczej etnografii często prowadzi do osobistych rozczarowań i stawia pytania o komfort tworzenia tekstu, zarówno w ujęciu zawodowym, jak i psychologicznym.
Bibliografia
Abu-Lughod, L. (1991). Writing Against Culture. In: R. G. Fox (ed.), Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
Behar, R. (1996). The Vulnerable Observer: Anthropology That Breaks Your Heart. Boston: Beacon Press.
Behar, R., & Gordon, D. A. (eds.) (1995). Women Writing Culture. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
Besteman, C., & Gusterson, H. (eds.) (2005a). Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
Besteman, C., & Gusterson, H. (2005b). Introduction. In: C. Besteman & H. Gusterson (eds.), Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back (pp. 1–23). Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
Besteman, C. (2005). Why I Disagree with Robert Kaplan. In: C. Besteman, & H. Gusterson (eds), Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back (pp. 83–101). Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
Bochner A. P., & Ellis, C. S. (2006). Communication as Autoethnography. In: G. J. Shepherd, J. S. John, & T. Striphas (eds.), Communication as…: Perspectives on Theory (pp. 110–122). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Bowen, E. S. (1954). Return to Laughter. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Brady, I. (2000). Anthropological Poetics. In: N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 949–953). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Bringa, T. (2005). Haunted by the Imagination of the Past: Robert Kaplan’s ‘Balkan Ghosts’. In: C. Besteman, & H. Gusterson (eds.), Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back (pp. 60–82). Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
Brown, K. (2005). Samuel Huntington, Meet the Nuer: Kinship, Local Knowledge, and the Clash of Civilizations. In: C. Besteman, & H. Gusterson (eds.), Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back (pp. 43–59). Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
Bruner, E. M., & Benson P. (eds.) (1993). Anthropology and Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Clifford, J. (eds.) (1986a). Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Clifford, J. (1986b). Introduction: Partial Truths. In: J. Clifford (ed.), Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography (pp. 1–26). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Clifford, J. (1988). The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Crapanzano, V. (1980). Tuhami: Portrait of a Moroccan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Crapanzano, V. (1986a). Hermes’ Dilemma: The Making of Subversion in Ethnographic Description. In: J. Clifford (ed.), Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography (pp. 51–76). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Daniel, E. V., & Peck, J. M. (eds.). (1996). Culture/Contexture: Explorations in Anthropology and Literary Studies. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
Dennis, P. A., & Aycock, W. (eds.) (1989). Literature and Anthropology. Lubbock: Texas University Press.
Dwyer, K. (1982). Moroccan Dialogues: Anthropology in Question. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Ellis, C. (2004). The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel about Autoethnography. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1937). Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic among the Azande. Oxford: The. Clarendon Press.
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Geertz, C. (1988). Works and Lives. The Anthropologist as Author. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Green, J. (ed.). (1990). Cushing at Zuni: The Correspondence and Journals of Frank Hamilton Cushing 1879–1884. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Gusterson, H. (2005). Seven Deadly Sins of Samuel Huntington. In: C. Besteman, & H. Gusterson (eds), Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back (pp. 24–42). Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
Handler R., & Segal, D. (1990). Jane Austen and the Fiction of Culture. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press.
Hannerz, U. (2017). Writing Otherwise. In: H. Wulff (ed.), The Anthropologist as Writer: Genres and Contexts in the Twenty-First Century (pp. 254–270). New York – Oxford: Berghahn.
Hastrup, K. (2004). Action: Anthropology in the Company of Shakespeare. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
Huntington, S. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Kaplan, R. (1993). Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Kuligowski, W. (2016). Defamiliaryzatorzy. Źródła i zróżnicowanie antropologii współczesności. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
Kuper, A. (1987). Między charyzmą i rutyną. Antropologia brytyjska 1922–1982. Transl. K. Kaniowska. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Łódzkie.
Manganaro, M. (1990). Modernist Anthropology: From Fieldwork to Text. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Marcus, G., & Cushman, D. (1982). Ethnographies as Texts. Annual Review of Anthropology, 11, 25–69.
Maréchal, G. (2010). Autoethnography. In: A. J. Mills, G. Durepos, E. Wiebe (eds.), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, vol. 2 (pp. 43–45). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Myerhoff, B., & Ruby, J. (1982). Introduction. In: J. Ruby (ed.), A Crack in the Mirror: Reflexive Perspectives in Anthropology (pp. 1–35). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Narayan, K. (2008). My Family and Other Saints. New Delhi: Harper Collins.
Narayan, K. (2012). Alive in the Writing: Crafting Ethnography in the Company of Chekhov. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Pike, K. L. (1967). Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structures of Human Behaviour. Hague: Mouton.
Pratt, M. L. (1992). Imperial eyes: travel writing and transculturation. New York – London: Routledge.
Pratt, M. L. (1986). Fieldwork as Common Place. In: J. Clifford (ed.), Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography (pp. 27–50). Berkeley: University of California Press. in Writing Culture.
Rapport, N. (1994). The Prose and the Passion: Anthropology, Literature and Writing of E. M. Forster. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Rees, T. (2008). Introduction. In: P. Rabinow, G. E. Marcus, J. D. Faubion, & T. Rees (eds.), Designs for an Anthropology of the Contemporary (pp. 1–12). Durham – London: Duke University Press.
Richardson, L. (2005). Qualitative Writing. In: N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 959–978). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Ruby, J. (1982). A Crack in the Mirror: Reflexive Perspectives in Anthropology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Stankiewicz, D. (2012). Anthropology and Fiction: An Interview with Amitav Ghosh. Cultural Anthropology, 27(3), 535–541; http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23252412.
Starn, O. (2022). Anthropology and the Misery of Writing. American Anthropologist, 124(1), 187–197.
Stoller, P. (2017). Writing for the Future. In: H. Wulff (ed.), The Anthropologist as Writer: Genres and Contexts in the Twenty-First Century (pp. 118–128). New York – Oxford: Berghahn.
Stoller, P., & Olkes, C. (1987). In Sorcery’s Shadow: A Memoir of Apprenticeship among the Songhay of Niger. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Tedlock, B. (1992). The Beautiful and the Dangerous: Dialogues with the Zuni Indians. New York: Viking.
Turner, V. (1983). Review of Ethnopoetics. In: J. Rothenberg & D. Rothenberg (eds.), Symposium of the Whole: A Range of Discourse toward an Ethnopoetics (pp. 337–342). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Van Maanen, J. (eds.) (1995). Representation in Ethnography. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Whitaker, M. P. (2008). Refleksyjność. Transl. W. Kuligowski. In: A. Barnard, & J. Spencer (eds.), Encyklopedia antropologii społeczno-kulturowej (pp. 507–510). Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Volumen.
Wulff, H. (ed.). (2017a). The Anthropologist as Writer: Genres and Contexts in the Twenty-First Century. New York and Oxford: Berghahn.
Wulff, H. (2017b). Introducing the Anthropologist as Writer: Across and Within Genres. In: H. Wulff (ed.), The Anthropologist as Writer: Genres and Contexts in the Twenty-First Century (pp. 1–18). New York – Oxford: Berghahn.

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Waldemar Kuligowski