The differentiated training and its impact on the functional state of the cardiovascular system and the level of endurance development of 13–15-year-old pupils

Abstract

The application of differentiated instruction in physical education to improve the functional state of school-aged youth is a relevant issue. This study investigated the effectiveness of using differentiated instruction in physical education classes, taking into account indicators of the cardiovascular system's functional state and the endurance level of students aged 13–15. A total of 226 students aged 13–15 (107 boys and 119 girls) were examined. Three experimental and three control groups were formed. The baseline assessment revealed a below-average level of cardiovascular regulation, an average response level of the cardiovascular system to standard physical load, and a low level of endurance development among 13–15-year-old students. Following the implementation of a system of differentiated instruction exercises aimed at improving functional readiness, positive changes in cardiovascular system indicators were observed (p<0.05–0.001), along with a statistically significant improvement in endurance development results in the experimental groups (p<0.001). In the control groups, no significant changes were found in any of the studied parameters (p>0.05). As a result, the functional state of the cardiovascular system improved from below average to average, and the level of endurance development increased from low to below average in the experimental groups.