Psychiatrization as a mechanism for handicapping students with intellectual disability. Psychiatrisation in education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.16926/eat.2024.13.16Słowa kluczowe:
psychiatryzacja, medykalizacja, upośledzanie, niepełnosprawność intelektualna, edukacjaAbstrakt
Psychiatryzacja jako mechanizm upośledzania uczniów z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Psychiatryzacja w edukacji
Celem artykułu jest przeglądowa analiza problematyki dotyczącej zjawiska psychiatryzacji, szczególnie w odniesieniu do uczniów z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną (i np. sprzężoną z autyzmem). Z analizy literatury przedmiotu wynika, że przez dziesięciolecia niepełnosprawność intelektualną określano jako upośledzenie umysłowe i traktowano jako obniżenie sprawności psychicznej oraz utożsamiano z chorobą psychiczną. Fakt, że osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną mogą przejawiać zaburzenia psychiczne (Rola, 2004; Bouras, Holt, 2019), ale to nie oznacza, że ten stan jest powszechny i dotyczy całej populacji.
Psychiatryzacja wiąże się z dyskursem np. personelu szkoły skierowanym do uczniów z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną, z narracją nacechowaną pseudomedycznym określeniem: „chory lub zaburzony psychicznie”. Badania naukowe dowodzą, że uczniowie ci, ze względu na prezentowany specyficzny kod komunikacyjny, ukryty w zachowaniach (określanych jako trudne, agresywne, bierne, aspołeczne itp.), mogą być traktowani jako osoby zaburzone psychicznie. Ten rodzaj kategoryzacji dotyczy zjawiska medykalizacji o charakterze psychiatryzacji, gdzie konsekwencją jest stygmatyzacja, upośledzanie i fałszowanie tożsamości uczniów.
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