Social media and influencers in the lives of teenagers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.16926/eat.2022.11.03Keywords:
social media, influencer, adolescent, social comparison theory, transactional analysisAbstract
The article aims to look at the growing role of social media, with particular emphasis on the part of influencers in the lives of adolescents. The article is a review based on the empirical research available on this topic. Contact with influencers meets not only the relational, informational, or entertainment needs of young people but also the need to compare ourselves with other people present in our lives. On the other hand, it can maintain the fear of FOMO, which in the long run results in a reduction in the adolescent's social well-being. The article invokes the theory of social comparisons and discusses the supporting role of parents in the context of Berne's structural analysis of social media use by adolescents. The transactional analysis also considered the specifics of influencers' contact with their recipients.
Downloads
References
Agostino, D., Arnaboldi M., Calissano A. (2019). How to quantify social media influencers: An empirical application at the teatro alla scala [article]. Heliyon. 5, no. 5: e01677
Alt, D., Boniel -Nissim, M. (2018). Parent-adolescent communication and problematic Internet use: The mediating role of fear of missing out ( FOMO ). Journal of Family Issues, 39 (13), 3391–3409. DOI: 10.1177 / 0192513X18783493.
Anderson, M., Jiang, J. ( 2018 ). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
Appel, M., Holtz, P., Stiglbauer B., Batinic B. (2012). Parents as a resource: Communication quality affects the relationship between adolescents' internet use and loneliness. Journal of Adolescence, 35 (6), 1641–1648. DOI: 10.1016 / j.adolescence.2012.08.003.
Auter, PJ (1992). Psychometric: TV that talks back: An experimental validation of a parasocial interaction scale. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 36, 173–181.
Bae, SM (2015). The relationships between perceived parenting style, learning motivation, friendship satisfaction, and the addictive use of smartphones with elementary school students of South Korea: Using multivariate latent growth modeling. School Psychology International, 36 (5) (2015), pp. 513-531.
BEUC (2021). TikTok without filters. Retrieved: https://www.beuc.eu/publications/beuc-x-2021-012_tiktok_without_filters.pdf. Download date: May 29, 2022.
Berne, E. (2004). What are people playing? Psychology of interpersonal relations. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN.
Berryman, R., Kavka, M. (2018). Crying on YouTube: Vlogs, self-exposure and the productivity of negative affect. Convergence, 24 (1), 85–98. DOI: 10.1177 / 1354856517736981.
Bloemen , N., De Coninck , D. (2020). Social media and fear of missing out in adolescents: The role of family characteristics. Social media + Society, 6 (4), 2056305120965517. DOI: 10.1177 / 2056305120965517.
Boerman, SC (2020). The effects of the standardized Instagram disclosure for micro-and macro-influencers. Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 199–207. DOI: 10.1016 / j.chb.2019.09.015.
Campbell, C., Farrell JR (2020). More than meets the eye: The functional components underlying influencer marketing. Business Horizons, 63, no. 4: 469–79.
Carter, D. (2016). Hustle and Brand: The sociotechnical shaping of influence. Social Media Society, 2, no. 3: 1–12.
Chang, C., Chiu, CH, Miao NF, Chen PH, Lee, CM, Chiang JT, et al. (2015). The relationship between parental mediation and Internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57 (2015), pp. 21-28.
Chng GS, Li, D., Liau , AK, Khoo A. (2015). Moderating effects of the family environment for parental mediation and pathological internet use in youths. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18 (1) (2015), pp. 30-36.
Common Sense Media (2013).
de Bérail , P., Guillon , M., Bungener , C. (2019). The relations between YouTube addiction, social anxiety and parasocial relationships with YouTubers: A moderated mediation model based on a cognitive-behavioral framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 190–204. DOI: 10.1016 / j.chb.2019.05.007.
de Veirman , M., Cauberghe , V., Hudders , L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: The Impact of a number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising 36 (5), 798–828. DOI: 10.1080 / 02650487.2017.1348035.
Djafarova, E., Rushworth, C. (2017). Exploring the credibility of online celebrities' Instagram profiles in influencing the purchase decisions of young female users. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 1-7. DOI: 10.1016 / j.chb.2016.11.009.
Dymkowski, M. (2007). On the universality of the theory of social psychology. Social Psychology, Vol. 2, 3-4 (5), pp. 249-261.
Elsaesser, C., Russell, B., Ohannessian, CM, Patton, D. (2017). Parenting in a digital age: A review of parents' role in preventing adolescent cyberbullying. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 35, 62–72. DOI: 10.1016 / j.avb.2017.06.004.
Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., Freberg, LA (2011). Who are the social media influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 37 (1), 90–92. DOI: 10.1016 / j.pubrev.2010.11.001.
García-Rapp, F. (2017). Popularity markers on YouTube's attention economy: The case of Bubzbeauty. Celebrity Studies, 8 (2), 228-245. DOI: 10.1080 / 19392397.2016.1242430.
Hefner, D., Knop, K., Schmitt, S., Vorderer , P. (2019). Rules? Model roles? Relationship? The impact of parents on their children's problematic mobile phone involvement. Media Psychology, 22 (1), 82–108. DOI: 10.1080 / 15213269.2018.1433544.
Ihm (2018). Social implications of children's smartphone addiction: The role of support networks and social engagement. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7 (2) (2018), pp. 473-481.
in, HC, PF Bruning , and H. Swarna. 2018. Using online opinion leaders to promote the hedonic and utilitarian value of products and services. Business Horizons 61, no. 3: 431–42.
Iwanicka, A. (2020). The digital world of early school children. Determinants of using new technologies by children. Poznań: AMU Scientific Publishing House.
Jenkins, H., Clinton, K., Purushotma, R., Robison, A., Weigel, M. (2009). Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. London: The MIT Press.
Jerslev, A. (2016). In the time of micro-celebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella. International Journal of Communication, 10, 5233–5351. Retrieved from https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/5078/1822. Retrieved on May 22, 2022.
Kalmus , V., Blinka , L., Ólafsson , K. (2015). Does it matter what mama says: Evaluating the role of parental mediation in European adolescents' excessive internet use. Children & Society , 29 (2) (2015), pp. 122-133.
Khurana, A., Bleakley, A., Jordan, AB, Romer, D. (2015). The protective effects of parental monitoring and internet restriction on adolescents' risk of online harassment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44 (5), 1039–1047. DOI: 10.1007 / s10964-014-0242-4.
Kocabiyik, O. (2021). The role of social comparison and rumination in predicting social media addiction. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 7 (2), 327-338. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.1756.
Lee, SJ (2013). Parental restrictive mediation of children's internet use: Effective for what and for whom ?. New Media & Society, 15 (4), 466–481. DOI: 10.1177 / 1461444812452412.
Livingstone, S., Helsper EJ (2008). Parental mediation of children's internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52 (4) (2008), pp. 581-599.
Lubomirsky, S., Ross, L. (1997). Hedonic consequences of social comparison: a contrast of happy and unhappy people. J Pers Soc Psychol, Dec; 73 (6): 1141-57. DOI: 10.1037 // 0022-3514.73.6.1141. PMID: 9418274 .; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9418274/ . Retrieved: May 15, 2022.
Makowski, M. (2009). One picture for a thousand words; a few lie among them… In: ed. W. Zuziak, J. Myson -Byrska (ed.), Lie in public life (pp. 161–175). Cracow.
Marôpo , L., Jorge, A. , Tomaz , R. (2020). "I felt like I was really talking to you!": Intimacy and trust among teen vloggers and followers in Portugal and Brazil. Journal of Children and Media, 14 (1), 22–37. DOI: 10.1080 / 17482798.2019.1699589.
Martínez, C., Olsson, T. (2019). Making sense of YouTubers: How Swedish children construct and negotiate the YouTuber Misslisibell as a girl celebrity. Journal of Children and Media, 13 (1), 36–52. DOI: 10.1080 / 17482798.2018.1517656.
Ofcom (2016). Children and parents: Media use and attitudes report.
Paul, B., Salwen, MB, Dupagne, M. (2000). The third-person effect: a meta-analysis of the perceptual hypothesis. Mass Communication and Society, 3, 1, 57–85.
Przybylski, AK, Murayama, K., DeHaan CR, Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (4), 1841–1848. DOI: 10.1016 / j.chb.2013.02.014.
Open Mobi Report , 2021, https://openmobi.pl/r a porttiktok / . Retrieved May 25, 2022.
Rideout, V., Saphir, M., Pai, S., Rudd, A. (2013). Zero to eight: children's media use in America 2013.
Smit, CR , Buijs , L. , van Woudenberg , TJ , Bevelander , KE , Buijzen , M. ( 2019 ). The impact of social media influencers on children's dietary behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2975. DOI: 10.3389 / fpsyg.2019.02975.
Terras, MM, Ramsay J. (2016). Family digital literacy practices and children's mobile phone use. Frontiers in Psychology, 7 (2016), pp. 1-11.
Van Deursen, AJ, Bolle, CL, Hegner, SM, Kommers, PA (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 411–420. DOI: 10.1016 / j.chb.2014.12.039.
Walter, N. (2018). Contemporary challenges of pedagogy and media education. Neodidagmata, No. 36/37.
Wegmann, E., Oberst, U., Stodt, B., Brand, M. (2017). Online-specific fear of missing out and Internet-use expectancies contribute to symptoms of Internet-communication disorder. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 5, 33–42.
White, JB, Langer, EJ, Yariv, L., Welch, JC (2006). Frequent Social Comparisons and Destructive Emotions and Behaviors: The Dark Side of Social Comparisons. Journal of Adult Development, 13 (1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-006-9005-0.
Yang, Ch., Holden, SM, Carter, M., Webb, J. (2018). Social media, social comparison and identity distress at the college transition: a dual-path model. Journal of Adolescence, 69: 92-102; DOI:: 10.1016 / j.adolescence.2018.09.007 .
Lin, YH, Chang, LR,, YH, Tseng, HW, Kuo , TB, Chen, SH (2014). Development and validation of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). PloS One, 9 (6) (2014).
Lopez-Fernandez, O. (2017). Short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale adapted to Spanish and French: Towards a cross-cultural research in problematic mobile phone use. Addictive Behaviors, 64 (2017), pp. 275-280.
American Academy of Pediatrics (2016), https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/american-academy-of-pediatrics-announces-new-recommendations- for-childrens-media-use.aspx
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Agnieszka Iwanicka
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
I am aware that the Educational Transactional Analysis journal is published under a Creative Commons license - Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode).
By submitting the article, I agree to make it available under this license