ENGLISH BORROWINGS IN THE POLISH LANGUAGE IN THE AREA OF MAKE-UP
Hanna Stryj
Słowa kluczowe:
borrowings, language in the area of make-up, proficiency in English, questionnaireAbstrakt
This paper deals with the English borrowings in the Polish language, with the emphasis on the borrowings in the context of make-up. It provides examination of borrowings in general, regarding both types of borrowings and the reasons behind them entering a given language. The main part of the paper, however, focuses on the analysis of a questionnaire conducted in order to gather data necessary to test the hypothesis suggesting the possibility of presence of direct relation between the proficiency in English, level of interest in make-up and the frequency of usage of borrowings in the context of make-up by native Polish speakers. To be more precise, the hypothesis predicts that the native Polish speakers with higher level of proficiency in English, or higher level of interest in make-up may be more likely to opt for the borrowings over the available native Polish equivalents in the context of make-up.
Bibliografia
Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Bussmann, H. (1998). Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Translated by G. Trauth and K. Kazzazi. Routledge.
Chalker, S., Weiner, E.S.C. (1994). The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Clarendon Press.
Crystal, D. (2008). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 6th ed., Blackwell Publishing.
Haspelmath, M. (2009). Lexical Borrowing: Concepts and Issues. In: M. Haspelmath, U. Tadmor (eds.), Loanwords in the World’s Languages: A Comparative Handbook (pp. 35–54). De Gruyter Mouton.
Haugen, E. (1972). The Analysis of Linguistic Borrowing. In: E.S. Firchow, K. Grimstad, et al. (eds.), Studies by Einar Haugen. Presented on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday – April 19, 1971 (pp. 161–185). Mouton. (Reprinted from Language, 26 [1950], 210–231).
Hockett, Ch.F. (1958). A Course in Modern Linguistics. The Macmillan Company.
Jespersen, O. (1922). Language: Its Nature, Development, and Origin. G. Allen & Unwin.
Mańczak-Wohlfeld, E. (1987). Najstarsze zapożyczenia angielskie w polszczyźnie. Język Polski, 67(1–2), 25–31.
Mańczak-Wohlfeld, E. (1995). Tendencje rozwojowe współczesnych zapożyczeń angielskich w języku polskim. Universitas.
Mańczak-Wohlfeld, E. (2006). Basic Assumptions of the Theory of Borrowing. Armenian Folia Anglistika, 2(1–2), 55–60.
Mańczak-Wohlfeld, E. (2010). Słownik zapożyczeń angielskich w polszczyźnie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Pašalić, M., Marinov, S. (2008). The English Language and Globalisation. Školski vjesnik: časopis za pedagogijsku teoriju i praksu, 57(3–4), 249–258.
Picone, M.D. (1996). Anglicisms, Neologisms, and Dynamic French. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Polański, K. (1999). Encyklopedia językoznawstwa ogólnego. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich.
Rosenhouse, J., Fisherman, H. (2008). Hebrew: Borrowing Ideology and Pragmatic Aspects in a Modern(ised) Language. In: J. Rosenhouse,
R. Kowner (eds.), Globally Speaking. Motives for Adopting English Vocabulary in Other Languages (pp. 121–144). Multilingual Matters.
Sapir, E. (1921). Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. Harcourt, Brace & World Inc.
Surendra, A. (2019). Moda językowa na zapożyczenia angielskie w prasie kobiecej. Silva Rerum.
Witalisz, A. (2007). Anglosemantyzmy w języku polskim – ze słownikiem. Tertium.
Witalisz, A. (2016). Przewodnik po anglicyzmach w języku polskim. Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego.
Witalisz, A. (2018). Polish Anglicisms in the fields of leisure, fashion and entertainment against historical background. Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos, 24(1), 142–165.
Zabawa, M. (2007). Language contact and foreign language teaching. In: J. Arabski (ed.), On Foreign Language Acquisition and Effective Learning (pp. 89–102). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
Zabawa, M. (2008). English-Polish language contact and its influence on the semantics of Polish. Studia Germanica Gedanensia, 17, 154–164.
Zabawa, M. (2010). The influence of English on the Polish language of Internet message boards: investigating the role of individual differences and the context. Linguistica Silesiana, 31, 219–233.
Zabawa, M. (2012). English lexical and semantic loans in informal spoken Polish. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
Zabawa, M. (2017). English semantic loans, loan translations, and loan renditions in informal Polish of computer users. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
Sources
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus. (2003). Anglicism. In Cambrigde Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus. Cambridge University Press. Retrived December 10, 2022, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/anglicism.
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus. (2003). Borrowing. In Cambrigde Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus. Cambridge University Press. Retrived November 11, 2022, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/borrowing.
Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. n.d. Borrowing. In Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Retrieved November 11, 2022, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/borrowing.
Harper, D. n.d. Etymology of rouge. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved December 10, 2022, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/rouge.
Kłosińska, K. (2017). Nóż – nożem, ale róż – różem. Poradnia Językowa PWN. https://sjp.pwn.pl/poradnia/haslo/Noz-nozem-ale-roz-rozem;17644.html.
Merriam-Webster. (2011). Borrowing. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 11, 2022, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/borrowing. https://forms.gle/m6jEWWCCXLRTGBKH6.
