EXTERNAL LEXICAL INFLUENCES IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE FROM ANTIQUITY TO MODERN TIMES
Jan Zalega
Słowa kluczowe:
borrowings, external influences, linguistics, English, language changeAbstrakt
This article aims to explain this process through discussing it and the related issues, such as delineating the distinctions between Old, Middle, and Modern English and offering detailed descriptions of notable external lexical influences that have shaped the English language. This article furnishes essential insights into the extent to which foreign words, now considered quintessentially English were contributed by diverse groups, including, Romans, Vikings, Native Americans, Spanish or Jews. Examples of lexical influence were selected based on their attestation in historical sources, dictionaries, and linguistic studies covering different stages
of English (Old, Middle, and Modern). The analysis focused on etymology, semantic fields, and the socio-historical context of borrowing to illustrate patterns of external impact on English vocabulary.
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