Szkoła Początkowa w Borzymowie w guberni kieleckiej (1865–1914)

Autor

  • Kazimierz Rędziński Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.16926/p.2018.27.28

Słowa kluczowe:

Królestwo Polskie, szkolnictwo elementarne, rusyfikacja, strajk szkolny 1905-1906

Abstrakt

Following the collapse of the January Uprising in the year 1863, the Russian authorities permitted the development of elementary school in the countryside in order to unite peasants as a social strata. School was intended to teach, and to form the attitudes of children in the spirit of loyalty towards the Tsar and towards Russia.
In the year 1874 , when the Act on Elementary Education was enacted in Russia, the Russification of school on Polish lands was commenced. In the year 1885, the Russian language was introduced in elementary school as the language of instruction. It was exclusively religious education and the Polish language as a school subject whose instruction was conducted in Polish, and that upon the request of parents. Aleksander Apuchtin, the superintendent of the Warsaw School District in the years since 1879 until 1897, became the symbol of the Russification of Polish children. His activity was the darkest period in the history of education in the Kingdom of Poland.
The Revolution of the years: 1905-1907 on Polish lands was also a rebellion against the policy of the Tsardom. The school strike, destroying school documentation and Russian books, the portraits of the Tsar and national coats of arms, were the elements of fight against the Tsardom. The Polish countryside put forward a postulate of introducing the Polish language in the commune administration, in the court and in school.

The school strike was also a stimulus for the development of teachers’ movement. Organizations protecting the interests of this vocational group (Polish teachers) were established. What also changed, was the awareness of parents in the aspect of school. The rules pursuant to compulsory education were commonly complied with, and schools conducted their activity throughout the entire school year since September until June. For a lot of children, it was impossible to be enrolled due to an insufficient development of the network of schools and a small size of the buildings. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, elementary education underwent significant development in the Kielce Governorate.

Pobrania

Opublikowane

2018-09-23

Numer

Dział

Historia wychowania