REFERENCES FORMATTING GUIDELINES ACCORDING TO APA 7th EDITION REQUIREMENTS

Contents:

In-text reference
Journal article
Book and chapter in an edited book
Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis
Conference paper and poster presentation
Other sources (reports and legislation)
Webpages and other online resources
Works in non-English languages and non-English scripts, such as Cyrillic, Arabic or Chinese

For each cited item, provide a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) if available. It should appear after the bibliographic data of the cited source, in the form of an active hyperlink. DOI numbers should be verified directly on the journal or publishers' website or on the CrossRef agency website: http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/

In-text reference

One author
Example	(Lewis, 2007)
Example	Lewis (2007) stated that...
Two authors
Example		(Whittingham & Coyne, 2019)
Example		Whittingham and Coyne (2019)
Two or more works by the same author published in the same year
Example		(Sheldon et al., 2019)
Example		Sheldon et al. (2019) found that....
Two or more works by the same author published in the same year
Example		(Noble et al., 2015; Walker, 2011)
Two or more works by the same author published in the same year
Example		(Lewis, n.d., 2012, 2015, 2016)
Two or more works by the same author published in the same year
Example		(Jordan & Kendall, 2010a, 2010b)

Journal article

General guidelines
Elements of the reference	Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicized, Volume – italicized(Issue or number), Page number(s); DOI address OR Web address (if no DOI available)
Example – one author	Osman, M. (2010). Controlling uncertainty: A review of human behavior in complex dynamic environments. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 65–86; http://doi.org/10.1037/a0017815
Example – two authors	Kerrigan, A.M., & Kingdon, C. (2010). Maternal obesity and pregnancy: A retrospective study. Midwifery, 26, 138–146; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.12.005
Example – 3 to 20 authors	Skenderian, J.J., Siegel, J.T., Crano, W.D., Lac, A., & Alvaro, E.E. (2008). Expectancy change and adolescents' intentions to use marijuana. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 563–569; https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013020
Example – 21 or more authors	Nath, A.P., Ritchie, S.C., Grinberg, N.F., Tang, H.H., Huang, Q.Q., Teo, S.M., Ahola-Olli, A.V., Wurtz, P., Havulinna, A.S., Santalahti, K., Pitkanen, N., Lehtimaki, T., Kahonen, M., Lyytikainen, L.P., Raitoharju, E., Seppala, I., Sarin, A.P., Ripatti, S., Palotie, A., … Inouye, M. (2019). Multivariate genome-wide association analysis of a cytokine network reveals variants with widespread immune, haematological, and cardiometabolic pleiotropy. American Journal of Human Genetics, 105(6), 1076–1090; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.10.001
Article number (instead of page numbers)
Elements of the reference	Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicized, Volume - italicised(Issue number), Article article number; DOI address OR Web address (if no DOI available)
Example	de Boer, M.J., Steinhagen, H.E., Versteegen, G.J., Struys, M.M.R.F., & Sanderman, R. (2014). Mindfulness, acceptance and catastrophizing in chronic pain. PloS One, 9(1), Article e87445; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087445
Article in press
Elements of the reference	Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (in press). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicized; DOI address OR Web address (if no DOI available)
Example	Baldwin, M., & Keefer, L.A. (in press). Being here and now: The benefits of belonging in space and time. Journal of Happiness Studies; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00214-7

BOOK AND CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK

General guidelines
Elements of the reference	Author(s) of book – family name and initials. (Year). Title of book - italicized. Publisher. DOI or Web address - if available
Example – one author	Swartz, W. (2019). Descriptive psychology and the person concept: Essential attributes of persons and behavior. Academic Press; https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00372-5
Example – two authors	Whittingham, K., & Coyne, W. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The clinician's guide for supporting parents. Academic Press; https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-01265-X
Example – 3 to 20 authors	Sheldon, P., Rauschnabel, P.A., & Honeycutt, J.M. (2019). The dark side of social media: Psychological, managerial, and societal perspectives. Academic Press; https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-04063-6
Example – 21 or more authors	Harris, K., Johnson, W., Matthews, L., Wilson, K., Lewis, S., Bailey, T., Kelly, M., Norris, O., James, P., Harrison, I., Grant, Q., Vince, J., Patterson, Y., Carson, H., Allison, T., Lang, R., Roberts, G., Gordon, N., Yates, J., … Holland, F. (2019). Brisbane city history. University of Queensland.
Comment	For Polish sources, in addition to Publisher provide place of publishing in the format of Place: Publisher Example: Małolepszy, E. (2021). Zarys dziejów GLKS Pogoń Kłomnice (1947-2021) [An outline of the history of GLKS Pogoń Kłomnice (1947-2021)]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje.
Different editions
Elements of the reference	Author(s) of book – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of book - italicized (Edition number ed.). Publisher. DOI or Web address - if available
Example	DeHart, G.B., Sroufe, L.A., & Cooper, R.G. (1995). Child development: Itsnature and course (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Edited book or ebook
Elements of the reference	Editor(s) of book – family name and initials, use & for multiple editors. (Ed. or Eds.). (Year). Title of book - italicized. Publisher. DOI or Web address - if available
Example	Hoffmann, C.R., & Wolfram Bublitz, W. (eds.). (2017). Pragmatics of social media. De Gruyter; https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110431070
Book chapters
Elements of the reference	Author(s) of chapter – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) – initial(s) and family name - of book (Ed. OR Eds.), Title of book – italicized (pp. Page numbers). Publisher. DOI or Web address (if available)
Example	Rattan, A. (2019). How lay theories (or mindsets) shape the confrontation of prejudice. In: R.K. Mallett & M.J. Monteith (eds.), Confronting prejudice and discrimination: The science of changing minds and behaviors (pp. 121–140). Academic Press; https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814715-3.00008-4

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OR MASTER'S THESIS

Thesis - from website
Elements of the reference	Author - last name, initial(s). (Year). Title of thesis – italicized [Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis, Institution]. Archive name; http://www.xxxxxx
Example	Axford, J.C. (2007). What constitutes success in Pacific Island community conserved areas? [Doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland]. UQ eSpace; http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:158747
Thesis - from database
Elements of the reference	Author - last name, initials. (Year). Title of thesis – italicized (Publication No. - if available) [Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Institution]. Database Name.
Example	Leigh, J. (2010). Self-determined mindfulness and attachment style in college students (Publication No. 305210119) [Doctoral dissertation, Indiana State University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Conference paper and poster presentation

Poster presentation
Elements of the reference	Author(s) - last name, initial(s). (Year, Month, Date). Title - italicized [Poster presentation]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or Web address - if available
Example	Snoswell, C. (2016, October 31 – November 3). Models of care for store-and-forward teledermatology in Australia [Poster presentation]. 7th International Conference on Successes and Failures in Telehealth, Auckland, New Zealand.
Conference paper
Elements of the reference	Author(s) of paper – last name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year, Month Date). Title of paper - italicised. [Type of paper eg. Paper presentation]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or Web address – if available.
Example	Norton, M., Moloney, G., Burke, S., Sanson, A., & Louis, W. (2018, September 27–30). Psychological responses to social threats: From stigma to solidarity [Paper presentation]. 2018 APS Congress Psychology advancing into a new age, Sydney, NSW, Australia

OTHER SOURCES (REPORTS AND LEGISLATION)

Report
Elements of the reference	Author(s) - last name, initial(s) or company name - use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of report - italicized (Report number - if available). Publisher - include if different to author; Web address - if available. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY)
Example	The Coca-Cola Company. (2017). 2016 sustainability report; http://www.coca-colacompany.com/content/dam/journey/us/en/private/fileassets/pdf/2017/2016-sustainability/2016-Sustainability-Report-The-Coca-Cola-Company.pdf. Retrieved: 03.08.2023)
Example	Queensland Department of Innovation and Tourism Industry Development. (2016). Advancing tourism 2016–20; https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/advancing-tourism/resource/df997cf7-14fc-47b1-ac99-ddc7f0975967. Retrieved: 03.08.2023)
Comment	If you are citing a website or online article that’s designed to change over time, it’s a good idea to include an access date. In this case, write it in the following format at the end of the reference: Retrieved: 18.10.2020
Legislation
Example (Polish act)	Rozporządzenie Prezesa Rady Ministrów z dnia 6 lipca 2020 r. w sprawie przeniesienia planowanych wydatków budżetowych, w tym wynagrodzeń, określonych w ustawie budżetowej na rok 2020 Dz. U. 2020 poz. 1067 (2020) (Polska). http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20200001210/O/D20201210.pdf.Retrieved: 18.10.2020
Example (Polish act)	Ustawa z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r. o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych Dz. U. 1994 nr 24 poz. 83 (2019) (Polska). http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19940240083/U/D19940083Lj.pdf.Retrieved: 18.10.2020
Example (US act)	Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. (1990). https://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.htm. Retrieved: 18.10.2020
Example (Australian act)	Major Events Act 2014 (Qld). https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/current/act-2014-060. Retrieved: 18.10.2020

WEBPAGES AND OTHER ONLINE RESOURCES

Comment	If you are citing a website or online article that’s designed to change over time, it’s a good idea to include an access date. In this case, write it in the following format at the end of the reference: Retrieved: 18.10.2020
Webpage within website – individual author
Elements of the reference	Author(s) of page – person or organisation, use & for multiple authors. (Year, Month Day – if available). Title of page - italicized. Website name; Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY
Example	Shapiro, R.E., & Cowan, R. (2017, January 10). Key points about caffeine and migraines. American Migraine Foundation; https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/caffeine-and-migraine/. Retrieved: 18.10.2020
Webpage within website – group author
Elements of the reference	Group author name. (Year, Month Day – if available). Title of page – italicized. Website name – if needed. Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY
Example	Mayo Clinic. (2017, March 8). Nutrition and healthy eating. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20045678?p=1. Retrieved: 18.10.2020
Webpage within website – no date
Elements of the reference	Group author name. (n.d.). Title of page – italicized. Website name – if needed. Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY
Example	Australian Psychological Society. (n.d.). Anxiety disorders; https://www.psychology.org.au/for-the-public/Psychology-Topics/Anxiety.Retrieved: 18.10.2020
Blog post
Elements of the reference	Author – last name, initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of post. Blog name – italicized; Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY
Example	Conason, A. (2018, October 5). Why you should consider group therapy. Eating Mindfully; https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/eating-mindfully/201810/why-you-should-consider-group-therapy. Retrieved: 18.10.2020
Wikipedia
Elements of the reference	Title of entry. (Year, Month Date or n.d.). In: Wikipedia. Retrieved Month Date, Year – if needed; Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY
Example	Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. (2019, July 10). In: Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mindfulness-based_cognitive_therapy&oldid=905716408. Retrieved: 18.10.2020

WORKS IN NON-ENGLISH LANGUAGES AND NON-ENGLISH SCRIPTS, SUCH AS CYRILLIC, ARABIC OR CHINESE

If you use the original version of a non-English work, cite the original version. Non-Latin alphabets are not used in the reference list in APA Style, so the title needs to be transliterated (that is, converted to the alphabet you are using to write a paper), and then followed by an English translation, in brackets.

Articles
Elements of the reference	Author(s) – last name, initials. (Year). Article title in original language [English translation of article title]. Journal name – italicized, volume – italicised(Issue - if available. Not italicised), Page(s); DOI or Web address – if available
Example	Guimard, P., & Florin, A. (2007). Les evaluations des enseignants en grande section de maternelle sont-elles predictives des difficultes de lecture au cours preparatoire? [Are teacher ratings in kindergarten predictive of reading difficulties in first grade?]. Approche Neuropsychologique des Apprentissages chez l'Enfant, 19, 5–17; http://doi.org/10.4000/rfp.4219
Books
Elements of the reference	Author – last name, initial(s), & last name, initial(s). (Year). Title – italicized [English translation of title]. Publisher. DOI or Web address – if available
Example	Mangelsdorf, J. (2020). Positive psychologie im coaching: Positive coaching für coaches, berater und therapeuten [Positive psychology in coaching: Positive coaching for coaches, consultants and therapists]. Springer; https://doi-org/10.1007/978-3-658-27632-4
Thesis
Elements of the reference	Author – last name, initials. (Year). Title of thesis – italicized (Publication No. – if available)[English translation of title]. Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Institution. Database Name or Website.
Example	Lastname, F.M. (2023). Doslidzhennya vplyvu chohosʹ na shchosʹ [Study of the Impact of Something on Something]. Doctoral dissertation, Nazva universytetu. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.