One author

Example

(Lewis, 2007)

Example

Lewis (2007) stated that...

Two authors

Example

(Whittingham & Coyne, 2019)

Example

Whittingham and Coyne (2019)

Two or more works by the same author published in the same year

Example

(Sheldon et al., 2019)

Example

Sheldon et al. (2019) found that....

Two or more works by the same author published in the same year

Example

(Noble et al., 2015; Walker, 2011)

Two or more works by the same author published in the same year

Example

(Lewis, n.d., 2012, 2015, 2016)

Two or more works by the same author published in the same year

Example

(Jordan & Kendall, 2010a, 2010b)

General guidelines

Elements of the reference

Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicized, Volume – italicized(Issue or number), Page number(s); DOI address OR Web address (if no DOI available)

Example – one author

Osman, M. (2010). Controlling uncertainty: A review of human behavior in complex dynamic environments. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 65–86; http://doi.org/10.1037/a0017815

Example – two authors

Kerrigan, A.M., & Kingdon, C. (2010). Maternal obesity and pregnancy: A retrospective study. Midwifery, 26, 138–146; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.12.005

Example – 3 to 20 authors

Skenderian, J.J., Siegel, J.T., Crano, W.D., Lac, A., & Alvaro, E.E. (2008). Expectancy change and adolescents' intentions to use marijuana. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 563–569; https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013020

Example – 21 or more authors

Nath, A.P., Ritchie, S.C., Grinberg, N.F., Tang, H.H., Huang, Q.Q., Teo, S.M., Ahola-Olli, A.V., Wurtz, P., Havulinna, A.S., Santalahti, K., Pitkanen, N., Lehtimaki, T., Kahonen, M., Lyytikainen, L.P., Raitoharju, E., Seppala, I., Sarin, A.P., Ripatti, S., Palotie, A., … Inouye, M. (2019). Multivariate genome-wide association analysis of a cytokine network reveals variants with widespread immune, haematological, and cardiometabolic pleiotropy. American Journal of Human Genetics, 105(6), 1076–1090; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.10.001

Article number (instead of page numbers)

Elements of the reference

Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicized, Volume - italicised(Issue number), Article article number; DOI address OR Web address (if no DOI available)

Example

de Boer, M.J., Steinhagen, H.E., Versteegen, G.J., Struys, M.M.R.F., & Sanderman, R. (2014). Mindfulness, acceptance and catastrophizing in chronic pain. PloS One, 9(1), Article e87445; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087445

Article in press

Elements of the reference

Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (in press). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicized; DOI address OR Web address (if no DOI available)

Example

Baldwin, M., & Keefer, L.A. (in press). Being here and now: The benefits of belonging in space and time. Journal of Happiness Studies; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00214-7

General guidelines

Elements of the reference

Author(s) of book – family name and initials. (Year). Title of book - italicized. Publisher. DOI or Web address - if available

Example – one author

Swartz, W. (2019). Descriptive psychology and the person concept: Essential attributes of persons and behavior. Academic Press; https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00372-5

Example – two authors

Whittingham, K., & Coyne, W.  (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The clinician's guide for supporting parents​. Academic Press; https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-01265-X

Example – 3 to 20 authors

Sheldon, P., Rauschnabel, P.A., & Honeycutt, J.M. (2019). The dark side of social media: Psychological, managerial, and societal perspectives. Academic Press; https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-04063-6

Example – 21 or more authors

Harris, K., Johnson, W., Matthews, L., Wilson, K., Lewis, S., Bailey, T., Kelly, M., Norris, O., James, P., Harrison, I., Grant, Q., Vince, J., Patterson, Y., Carson, H., Allison, T., Lang, R., Roberts, G., Gordon, N., Yates, J., … Holland, F. (2019). Brisbane city history. University of Queensland.

Comment

For Polish sources, in addition to Publisher provide place of publishing in the format of Place: Publisher

Example: Małolepszy, E. (2021). Zarys dziejów GLKS Pogoń Kłomnice (1947-2021) [An outline of the history of GLKS Pogoń Kłomnice (1947-2021)]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje.

Different editions

Elements of the reference

Author(s) of book – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of book - italicized (Edition number ed.). Publisher. DOI or Web address - if available

Example

DeHart, G.B., Sroufe, L.A., & Cooper, R.G. (1995). Child development: Itsnature and course (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Edited book or ebook

Elements of the reference

Editor(s) of book – family name and initials, use & for multiple editors. (Ed. or Eds.). (Year). Title of book - italicized. Publisher. DOI or Web address - if available

Example

Hoffmann, C.R., & Wolfram Bublitz, W. (eds.). (2017). Pragmatics of social media. De Gruyter; https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110431070

Book chapters

Elements of the reference

Author(s) of chapter – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) – initial(s) and family name - of book (Ed. OR Eds.), Title of book – italicized (pp. Page numbers). Publisher. DOI or Web address (if available)

Example

Rattan, A. (2019). How lay theories (or mindsets) shape the confrontation of prejudice. In: R.K. Mallett & M.J. Monteith (eds.), Confronting prejudice and discrimination: The science of changing minds and behaviors (pp. 121–140). Academic Press; https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814715-3.00008-4

Thesis - from website

Elements of the reference

Author - last name, initial(s). (Year). Title of thesis – italicized [Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis, Institution]. Archive name; http://www.xxxxxx

Example

Axford, J.C. (2007). What constitutes success in Pacific Island community conserved areas? [Doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland]. UQ eSpace; http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:158747

Thesis - from database

Elements of the reference

Author - last name, initials. (Year). Title of thesis – italicized (Publication No. - if available) [Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Institution]. Database Name.

Example

Leigh, J. (2010). Self-determined mindfulness and attachment style in college students (Publication No. 305210119) [Doctoral dissertation, Indiana State University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Poster presentation

Elements of the reference

Author(s) - last name, initial(s). (Year, Month, Date). Title - italicized [Poster presentation]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or Web address - if available

Example

Snoswell, C. (2016, October 31 – November 3). Models of care for store-and-forward teledermatology in Australia [Poster presentation]. 7th International Conference on Successes and Failures in Telehealth, Auckland, New Zealand.

Conference paper

Elements of the reference

Author(s) of paper – last name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year, Month Date). Title of paper - italicised. [Type of paper eg. Paper presentation]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or Web address – if available.

Example

Norton, M., Moloney, G., Burke, S., Sanson, A., & Louis, W. (2018, September 27–30). Psychological responses to social threats: From stigma to solidarity [Paper presentation]. 2018 APS Congress Psychology advancing into a new age, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Report

Elements of the reference

Author(s) - last name, initial(s) or company name - use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of report - italicized (Report number - if available). Publisher - include if different to author; Web address - if available. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY)

Example

The Coca-Cola Company. (2017). 2016 sustainability report; http://www.coca-colacompany.com/content/dam/journey/us/en/private/fileassets/pdf/2017/2016-sustainability/2016-Sustainability-Report-The-Coca-Cola-Company.pdf. Retrieved: 03.08.2023)

Example

Queensland Department of Innovation and Tourism Industry Development. (2016). Advancing tourism 2016–20; https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/advancing-tourism/resource/df997cf7-14fc-47b1-ac99-ddc7f0975967. Retrieved: 03.08.2023)

Comment

If you are citing a website or online article that’s designed to change over time, it’s a good idea to include an access date. In this case, write it in the following format at the end of the reference: Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Legislation

Example (Polish act)

Rozporządzenie Prezesa Rady Ministrów z dnia 6 lipca 2020 r. w sprawie przeniesienia planowanych wydatków budżetowych, w tym wynagrodzeń, określonych w ustawie budżetowej na rok 2020 Dz. U. 2020 poz. 1067 (2020) (Polska). http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20200001210/O/D20201210.pdf.Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Example (Polish act)

Ustawa z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r. o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych Dz. U. 1994 nr 24 poz. 83 (2019) (Polska). http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19940240083/U/D19940083Lj.pdf.Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Example (US act)

Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. (1990). https://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.htm. Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Example (Australian act)

Major Events Act 2014 (Qld). https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/current/act-2014-060. Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Comment

If you are citing a website or online article that’s designed to change over time, it’s a good idea to include an access date. In this case, write it in the following format at the end of the reference: Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Webpage within website – individual author

Elements of the reference

Author(s) of page – person or organisation, use & for multiple authors. (Year, Month Day – if available). Title of page - italicized. Website name; Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY

Example

Shapiro, R.E., & Cowan, R. (2017, January 10). Key points about caffeine and migraines. American Migraine Foundation; https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/caffeine-and-migraine/. Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Webpage within website – group author

Elements of the reference

Group author name. (Year, Month Day – if available). Title of page – italicized. Website name – if needed. Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY

Example

Mayo Clinic. (2017, March 8). Nutrition and healthy eating. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20045678?p=1. Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Webpage within website – no date

Elements of the reference

Group author name. (n.d.). Title of page – italicized. Website name – if needed. Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY

Example

Australian Psychological Society. (n.d.). Anxiety disorders; https://www.psychology.org.au/for-the-public/Psychology-Topics/Anxiety.Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Blog post

Elements of the reference

Author – last name, initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of post. Blog name – italicized; Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY

Example

Conason, A. (2018, October 5). Why you should consider group therapy. Eating Mindfully; https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/eating-mindfully/201810/why-you-should-consider-group-therapy. Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Wikipedia

Elements of the reference

Title of entry. (Year, Month Date or n.d.). In: Wikipedia. Retrieved Month Date, Year – if needed; Web address. Retrieved: DD.MM.YYYY

Example

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. (2019, July 10). In: Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mindfulness-based_cognitive_therapy&oldid=905716408. Retrieved: 18.10.2020

Articles

Elements of the reference

Author(s) – last name, initials. (Year). Article title in original language [English translation of article title]. Journal name – italicized, volume – italicised(Issue - if available. Not italicised), Page(s); DOI or Web address – if available

Example

Guimard, P., & Florin, A. (2007). Les evaluations des enseignants en grande section de maternelle sont-elles predictives des difficultes de lecture au cours preparatoire? [Are teacher ratings in kindergarten predictive of reading difficulties in first grade?]. Approche Neuropsychologique des Apprentissages chez l'Enfant, 19, 5–17; http://doi.org/10.4000/rfp.4219

Books

Elements of the reference

Author – last name, initial(s), & last name, initial(s). (Year). Title – italicized [English translation of title]. Publisher. DOI or Web address – if available

Example

Mangelsdorf, J. (2020). Positive psychologie im coaching: Positive coaching für coaches, berater und therapeuten [Positive psychology in coaching: Positive coaching for coaches, consultants and therapists]. Springer; https://doi-org/10.1007/978-3-658-27632-4

Thesis

Elements of the reference

Author – last name, initials. (Year). Title of thesis – italicized (Publication No. – if available)[English translation of title]. Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Institution. Database Name or Website.

Example

Lastname, F.M. (2023). Doslidzhennya vplyvu chohosʹ na shchosʹ [Study of the Impact of Something on Something]. Doctoral dissertation, Nazva universytetu. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.