Manuscripts should be prepared in a clear and consistent format suitable for double-blind peer review. The structure of the manuscript should reflect the article type and the conventions of the relevant field.
General formatting
Authors should prepare a separate title page and a blinded main manuscript. The title page should be prepared using the Journal's title page template .
Manuscripts should be submitted in Microsoft Word format (.doc or .docx) and prepared using:
- A4 page size;
- 25 mm margins;
- Times New Roman, 11 pt;
- 1.5 line spacing;
- continuous line numbering throughout the blinded manuscript;
- consecutive page numbering.
Authors should avoid unnecessary formatting, manual spacing, and excessive use of text styles.
Manuscript structure
The organization of the manuscript should be appropriate to the article type and field of research.
Original research articles reporting empirical studies should normally follow an Introduction–Methods–Results–Discussion structure, with a separate Conclusions section where appropriate.
Alternative structures are acceptable for review articles, theoretical and methodological papers, historical and humanities studies, and discussion papers where justified by the nature of the work.
Headings and subheadings should be used consistently and should clearly reflect the organization of the manuscript. Headings should not be numbered.
Title, abstract, and keywords
The title should be concise and accurately reflect the content of the manuscript.
The abstract should:
- not exceed 200 words;
- be presented as a single paragraph without section headings;
- summarize the objective, methods, main results, and conclusions, as appropriate to the article type;
- not contain citations.
Authors should provide 3–7 keywords that accurately describe the content of the manuscript.
The title, abstract, and keywords must be provided in both English and Polish.
Blinded manuscript
The manuscript submitted for peer review must be prepared for double-blind review and should not contain information that directly identifies the authors.
The blinded manuscript should not contain:
- authors' names;
- affiliations;
- email addresses;
- ORCID identifiers;
- acknowledgments that identify the authors or their institutions;
- other information that directly reveals the authors' identity.
Authors should also remove identifying information from the file name and document properties.
Self-citations should normally be presented in the same manner as citations to other publications and should not be replaced with expressions such as “Author, 2024”. Information essential for scientific evaluation should not be removed solely for the purpose of anonymization.
Information omitted solely to preserve anonymity may be restored after the peer-review process.
Tables
Tables should be placed close to their first citation in the manuscript and numbered consecutively in the order in which they are cited in the text.
Each table should:
- have a concise and informative title;
- be understandable without unnecessary reference to the main text;
- be created as an editable table rather than inserted as an image;
- define any abbreviations, symbols, or other necessary explanations in table notes.
Authors should avoid presenting the same results simultaneously in both a table and a figure unless there is a clear reason to do so.
Figures
Figures should be placed close to their first citation in the manuscript, numbered consecutively, and cited in the text in the order in which they appear.
Each figure should have a concise caption explaining its content. Any abbreviations, symbols, or markers used in the figure should be defined in the caption or legend.
Figures should be of sufficient quality for publication. Raster images should normally have a resolution of at least 300 dpi. Higher resolution may be required for line drawings. Vector or editable formats are preferred where appropriate.
Authors are responsible for ensuring that they have the right to reproduce or adapt previously published material. Appropriate permission must be obtained where required, and the original source and applicable license must be acknowledged.
Abbreviations, units, and terminology
Abbreviations should be defined at first use and used consistently thereafter. Unnecessary abbreviations should be avoided.
SI units and internationally recognized scientific terminology should be used where applicable.
Requirements concerning authorship, research ethics, informed consent, funding, conflicts of interest, AI use, and other declarations are provided separately under Declarations and Required Statements.