The Impact of Ethnicity, Thematic Representation and Heritage on Customer Loyalty: A Study on Tourism-Destined Food Outlets
PDF

Keywords

ethnicity
heritage
food outlets
customer loyalty
hospitality

How to Cite

The Impact of Ethnicity, Thematic Representation and Heritage on Customer Loyalty: A Study on Tourism-Destined Food Outlets. (2026). Sport I Turystyka Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe, 9(3), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2026.03.06

Abstract

This paper focuses on the role of lifestyle, eating habits and ethnicity of the people of Jammu region influencing repeat behaviour towards the choice of restaurants. Taking into account an extensive literature review, the trend of dining out with one’s family has increased and boosted restaurant entrepreneurship. A few studies revealed the relationship between Ethnicity, Thematic Representation and Heritage. As mentioned, there is a lack of information in the literature regarding the customers’ loyalty and their culinary preferences in the context of India, hence this study targets the local population and their loyalty towards their favourite restaurants based on their ethnicity and culture in an attempt to contribute to the existing literature and also to understand the influence of the said variables on the loyalty of the indigenous population of Jammu. In order to examine the symmetry and distribution of data, skewness and kurtosis were found well within the limits. An administered questionnaire was developed and run through SmartPLS in addition to examining the common method bias and reliability of the instrument developed. All the values were found to be well within the range. Finally, to test the hypotheses, multiple regression analysis was run and the values obtained were found to be statistically significant. Keywords: ethnicity, heritage, food outlets, customer loyalty, hospitality. 

PDF

References

Acharya, A. S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P., & Nigam, A. (2013). Sampling: Why and how of it. Indian Journal of Medical Specialties, 4(2), 330–333.

Amofah, O., Gyamfi, I., & Tutu, C. O. (2016). The influence of service marketing mix on customer choice of repeat purchase of restaurant in Kumasi, Ghana.

European Journal of Business and Management, 8(11), 102–112.

Ansari, A. I., & Singh, A. (2023). Application of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in Promoting Guest Room Sales: A Critical Review. In Impact of Industry 4.0 on Sustainable Tourism (pp. 95–104). Emerald Publishing Limited; https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-157-820231006.

Ansari, A. I., Singh, A., Pattanaik, S., Patnaik, R., & Suryawanshi, U. (2024). Exploring the Role of AI-Powered Virtual Assistants in Optimizing Self-Service Experiences for Customers Within the Service Sector (pp. 225–238); https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7122-0.ch013.

Ansari, A. I., Singh, A., & Singh, V. (2023). The impact of differential pricing on perceived service quality and guest satisfaction: An empirical study of midscale hotels in India. Turyzm/Tourism, 33(2), 121–132; https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.33.2.10.

Bitner, M. J. (1990). Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and Employee Responses. Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 69–82; https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299005400206.

Cao, Y., & Kim, K. (2015). How Do Customers Perceive Service Quality in Differently Structured Fast Food Restaurants? Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24(1), 99–117; https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2014.903817.

Chauhan, A. K. (2015). Research analytics: A practical approach to data analysis. Dreamtech: New Delhi, India.

Chen, Y.-C. D., & Lee, C.-S. (2018). Is it the staff or is it the food? How the attire of restaurant employees affects customer judgments of food quality. British Food Journal, 120(6), 1223–1235; https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2017-0447.

Dassanayake, D. M. C. (2022). The Influence of Destination Attributes on Backpacker Loyalty: Unveiling the Mediating Role of Satisfaction in Heritage City Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. The Journal of Archaeology and Heritage Studies.

Fauzi, M. A. (2022). Partial least square structural equation modelling (PLSSEM) in knowledge management studies: Knowledge sharing in virtual communities. Knowledge Management and E-Learning, 14(1), 103–124; https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2022.14.007.

Festivalia, F., Savitri, D., & Engrani, M. (2017). The Importance of ISO 2200 in Traditional Food in Indonesia, Case in Rendang Catering. Proceedings of the International Conference on Tourism, Gastronomy, and Tourist Destination (ICTGTD 2016); https://doi.org/10.2991/ictgtd-16.2017.16.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.

Goundar, S. (2012). Research methodology and research method. Victoria University of Wellington, 1(1), 1–47.

Hair Jr, J., Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modelling in international marketing (pp. 277–319); https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014.

Huang, S. (Sam), & Crotts, J. (2019). Relationships between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and tourist satisfaction: A cross-country cross-sample examination. Tourism Management, 72, 232–241; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.12.001.

Hubley, A. M. (2014). Discriminant Validity. In Encyclopaedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 1664–1667). Springer Netherlands; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_751.

Irianto, D., & Kartikasari, D. (2020). Fan Loyalty Toward International Football Team: The Role of Brand Image. International Journal of Applied Business Research, 2(01), 58–72; https://doi.org/10.35313/ijabr.v2i01.95.

Jang, S. (Shawn), Ha, J., & Park, K. (2012). Effects of ethnic authenticity: Investigating Korean restaurant customers in the U.S. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 990–1003; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.12.003.

Jin, N. (Paul), Line, N. D., & Ann, S. H. (2015). The Full-Service Dining Experience: An Assessment of the Generation-Specific Determinants of Customer Loyalty. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 18(4), 307–327; https:// doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2015.1068669.

Kim, J.-H., & Jang, S. (Shawn). (2016). Memory Retrieval of Cultural Event Experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 55(3), 322–339; https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514553058.

Kivela, J., & Crotts, J. C. (2006). Tourism and Gastronomy: Gastronomy’s Influence on How Tourists Experience a Destination. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 30(3), 354–377; https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348006286797.

Lai, M.-L., Tsai, M.-J., Yang, F.-Y., Hsu, C.-Y., Liu, T.-C., Lee, S. W.-Y., Lee, M.-H., Chiou, G.-L., Liang, J.-C., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). A review of using eye-tracking technology in exploring learning from 2000 to 2012. Educational Research Review, 10, 90–115; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2013.10.001.

McIntosh, A. J. (1999). Into the Tourist’s Mind: Understanding the Value of the Heritage Experience. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 8(1), 41–64; https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v08n01_03.

Mo, L., Goh, Y. N., & Luo, Y. (2023). The Influence of Tourist Involvement and Loyalty at Rural Festival: The Moderating Role of Culture and Heritage. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 29(1), 83– 107.

Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures: Issues and applications.

Osti, L., & Goffi, G. (2021). Lifestyle of health & sustainability: The hospitality sector’s response to a new market segment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 360–363; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.01.008.

Pangarso, A., Astuti, E. S., Raharjo, K., & Afrianty, T. W. (2020). Data of innovation ambidexterity as a mediator in the absorptive capacity effect on sustainable competitive advantage. Data in Brief, 29; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105200.

Putu Gede Subhaktiyasa. (2024). PLS-SEM for Multivariate Analysis: A Practical Guide to Educational Research using SmartPLS. EduLine: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation, 4(3), 353–365; https://doi.org/10.35877/454ri.eduline2861.

Ryu, K., Lee, H., & Gon Kim, W. (2012). The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioural intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(2), 200–223; https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111211206141.

Shamah, R. A. M., Mason, M. C., Moretti, A., & Raggiotto, F. (2018a). Investigating the antecedents of African fast food customers’ loyalty: A self-congruity perspective. Journal of Business Research, 86, 446–456; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.05.020.

Singh, A., & Ansari, A. I. (2024). Role of Training and Development in Employee Motivation: Tourism and Hospitality Sector (pp. 248–261); https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1674-0.ch011.

Wall, E. A., & Berry, L. L. (2007). The Combined Effects of the Physical Environment and Employee Behaviour on Customer Perception of Restaurant Service Quality. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 48(1), 59–69; https://doi.org/10.1177/0010880406297246.

Williams, K. C., Page, R. A., Petrosky, A. R., & Hernandez, E. H. (2010). Multigenerational marketing: Descriptions, characteristics, lifestyles, and attitudes. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 11(2).

Zameer, H., Wang, Y., Yasmeen, H., & Ahmed, W. (2019). Modelling the Role of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in Building Service Brand Equity. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management, 10(2), 55–72; https://doi.org/10.4018/IJABIM.2019040103.

Zhang, T., Chen, J., & Hu, B. (2019). Authenticity, Quality, and Loyalty: Local Food and Sustainable Tourism Experience. Sustainability, 11(12), 3437; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123437.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.